Era of Galaxies – Epochs of the Universe (Mission 08) .

Era of Galaxies – Epochs of the Universe (Mission 08)

This is your mission 08 of the epochs of the Universe. The Era of Galaxies is the Universe’s present stage. So if you want to travel back in time and experience the Era of Galaxies from its beginnings to the present, then you’re in the right place. Keep reading! Mission 08 of the Epochs of the Universe – Era of Galaxies Finally, you are now on the last epoch, Mission 08, Era of Galaxies.  We have explored all the epochs step-by-step, and now we’ll look at the final epoch. We have seen the Universe evolve from a tiny singularity to a massive universe filled with atoms in the previous epochs.  Now in this final epoch, we will see how the stars and galaxies form.  Let’s explore the Era of Galaxies and see how the Universe got to its present state. Mission Timeline – Era of Galaxies Mission Map – Era of Galaxies Mission Data – Era of Galaxies Current Epoch: Era of Galaxies. Age of the Universe: Between 1 billion years and present day. Size of the Universe: 93 billion light-years in diameter.  Current Temperature: Between 60 Kelvins and 2.73 Kelvins. Mission Briefing – Era of Galaxies This is the final epoch in the epochs of the Universe.  After the Era of Atoms, you reach the Era of Galaxies.  In this epoch, we will look at how the stars and galaxies formed from the atoms.  The Universe has grown from a tiny singularity during the Big Bang to a massive space filled with galaxies and other stellar bodies.   This being the final epoch, we will see how the present Universe came to be. Has the Universe grown?           Have galaxies formed? What era do we live in currently? Do planets and other stellar bodies exist? Let’s explore this final epoch. What Do You See? As we have seen in the previous epoch, the Universe is continuously expanding as time goes by.  The size of the Universe in this epoch is 93 billion light-years in diameter, and it is still expanding.  A light-year is a distance that light travels in one Earth year.  One light-year is equivalent to 6 trillion miles or 9 trillion kilometers.  So, if this is the equivalent of one light-year, and the Universe is 93 billion light-years in diameter, you can imagine how massive the Universe is.  As stated in the mission data, you can see that the Universe is growing older as it expands.  The Era of Galaxies happens between 1 billion years after the Big Bang and the present day.  As you read this article, the Era of Galaxies is continuing.  The galaxy formation process has not stopped.  Our Universe continues to evolve. Within this timeline, the force of gravity caused matter to draw together to form galaxies.  Before galaxies were formed, the Universe went through what is called the Dark Ages. This occurred after neutral atoms were formed until the first stars and galaxies reionize the intergalactic medium entirely.  Reionization is when the first stars and quasars gradually form and emit intense radiation that splits the neutral hydrogen atoms back into a plasma of protons and free electrons for the first time since recombination and photon decoupling.  A quasar is an active galactic object and the brightest object in the Universe.  To ionize the neutral hydrogen, an energy that corresponds to ultraviolet photons was required.  During reionization, matter spread out further due to the ongoing expansion of the Universe.  As the Universe continued to expand, reionization gradually ended, and neutral hydrogen atoms formed again. The atoms formed small lumps of matter (stars) which drew together due to the influence of gravity to form galaxies.  Photographs of such lumps have been taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. These lumps may be the ancestors of modern galaxies.  Due to gravitational attraction, galaxies gradually pull towards each other to form clusters and superclusters.  The Hubble Space Telescope has made observations that small galaxies merge to form bigger galaxies.  What Do You Feel? In this epoch, between 1 billion years after the Big Bang and the present day, the Universe’s temperature cooled down, allowing galaxies to form.  The temperature is between 60 Kelvins and 2.73 Kelvins.  The Era of Galaxies is the epoch we are currently living in. The current temperature of the Universe is 2.73 Kelvins.  The Universe’s density has been decreasing gradually since the Big Bang. Still, the force of gravity began to cause some irregularities in the gas in the Universe.  As the Universe continued to expand, gas pockets became denser, causing the stars to ignite. These stars grouped with each other to form galaxies.  Also, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) density in this epoch has changed compared to the Era of Atoms.  The difference in density in the CMB has created a path for the galaxy formation since density is directly proportional to pressure.  So, the higher the density, the higher the pressure, causing atoms to form stars, which then draw together to form galaxies.  The pull of gravity draws matter together, which leads to stars, which form galaxies.  The stars from this era, known as Population II stars, are formed earlier in this process. The most recent Population I stars formed later.  Population I stars are stars that contain 2% to 3% of metals and are found in the disk of the galaxy.  Population II stars are stars with a poor metallicity of 0.1%. They are found in halos of spiral galaxies and in globular clusters. What is Happening? Scientific Explanation Here is the scientific explanation of what’s happening in the Era of Galaxies. Appearance In this epoch, we see the formation of galaxies.  The gravitational force began causing anomalies in the gas in the Universe.  As the Universe continued to expand, the gas became denser, and stars began igniting. These stars pulled toward each other in groups and formed galaxies.  Also, the density of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) played a role in the formation of galaxies. The difference in density in …

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What Are Differences Between a Universe, Multiverse, and Omniverse?

Universe vs. Multiverse vs. Omniverse

Here’s the differences between a universe, multiverse, and omniverse: The universe is all of space and time and its contents. The multiverse is a hypothetical collection of multiple observable universes The omniverse is a collection of every single universe, multiverse, metaverse. If you want to learn all about the differences between a universe, multiverse, and omniverse, then you’re in the right place. Let’s jump right in! What Are Differences Between a Universe, Multiverse, and Omniverse? Out of these three concepts, most people may only be familiar with the universe. Likewise, the multiverse and omniverse are new terms to some of you.  A few of you may have come across the terms omniverse and multiverse in Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Image, Dark Horse, Archie, and any other universe ever mentioned or seen, including our world, the universe we live in.  We will discuss each concept in detail and get to know and understand how different they are from each other.  Origin Structure Size Contents  In short: The universe is all of space and time and its contents.  The multiverse is a hypothetical collection of multiple observable universes. The omniverse is a collection of every single universe, multiverse, metaverse. You name it.  One easy way to differentiate the three is by looking at their prefixes: Uni means one. Multi means multiple or more than one. And, omni means all. The multiverse houses the universes, and the omniverse houses the multiverses. What Are the Definitions of Universe, Multiverse, and Omniverse? A universe is the sum of all existence; that is, space, time, and all its contents. The universe’s contents include planets, stars, galaxies, and every other form of matter and energy.  A universe is everything that has been and will be observable from a certain point. The universe’s shape is seen as a sphere or a regular dodecahedron (a twelve-sided polyhedron).  A multiverse is a hypothetical collection of multiple observable universes. Each universe in a multiverse shares common laws of physics and constants, sets of elementary particles, systems of nature, and everything else in the parent multiverse.  However, the entire timeline is affected, and cosmological structures are reshuffled since the initial conditions of each universe vary. Thus, different universes within the multiverse are called “alternate universes,” “parallel universes,” “many worlds,” or “other universes.” An omniverse is a collection of every single universe, multiverse, metaverse; you name it.  It may only include our universe; if it’s the only one that exists, or if there is indeed a multiverse(s), it includes that as well. Omniverse is a verse that contains everything that exists, besides other things that go out of existence.  An easy way to differentiate the three is by looking at their prefixes.  Uni means one.  Multi means more than one.  And Omni means all. Universe > multiverse > omniverse. What Is the Origin of Our Universe? Starting from the basics, we first see how the universe formed, followed by the multiverse, and lastly, the omniverse. The universe being the unit structure, we will start from there. The cosmological formation and development of the universe are well-explained in the Big Bang theory.  The Big Bang theory describes the birth of the universe and how all matter, space, and time came together.  Before the Big Bang, there existed an infinitely small, hot singularity. The tiny, hot singularity expanded and had a massive explosion resulting in creating the majority of matter and common physics laws and constants that oversee our ever-expanding universe.  The Big Bang occurred in different stages from the time it began to the present universe. Although the theory describes it as an explosion, it is not. Instead, it was a rapid expansion of matter from a state of high temperatures and high density that are considered the universe’s origin.  Some speculative theories have proposed that our universe is just one of many separate universes, collectively known as the multiverse. One of the theories we will look at is something called string theory.  In string theory, the multiverse is a concept in which our universe is not the only one. Many universes are formed through the Big Bang are parallel to each other.  These universes that exist parallel to each other within the multiverse are called parallel universes. Apart from the string theory, a couple of different theories offer themselves to a multiverse viewpoint.  Some theories state that there are multiple copies of you sitting right here right now in other universes and other copies of you doing something different in other universes.  The “omniverse theory” has not yet been proven to be a scientific idea because there is no way to test it. But it is believed that the omniverse is a collection, or superset, or ultimate set of every single multiverse, universe, metaverse, dimension, and realm with all omniversal matter.  Is there further possibility after the omniverse? Well, the answer is no. The omniverse is the final existence.  What Are the Structures of an Universe, a Multiverse, and an Omiverse? Below is a not-to-scale image showing the three concepts. As shown in the image, you can see how the universe, multiverse, and omniverse are structured in vast space.  The universe is the smallest unit in the three verses. The tiny white dots represent the universe. The multiverse is shown as a collection of multiple universes. The small white rings surrounding the universes represent the multiverses.  The large white rings surrounding the multiverses represent the metaverses, and lastly, the vast black space is the omniverse; the final existence.  What Are the Sizes of an Universe, a Multiverse, and an Omniverse? The universe, multiverse, and omniverse have different sizes, ranging from the smallest to the largest.  The present universe that we live in is much bigger than it looks from the point of observation. It might be pretty difficult to fathom that it is the smallest compared to the three concepts, even with its massive size.  The universe is the smallest unit. The size of the whole universe is unknown and is infinite in extent.  Some regions of the universe are too far for the light …

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